Terms

Arhat: Means worthy one and refers to a saint
Nirvana: Process of escaping reincarnation.  This is the goal of Buddhists
Sangha: Buddhist monks
Sammatta: Intense meditation that brings enlightenment
Bodhisattva: One who has reached englightenment
Mahayana Buddhism terms 
Koan: Zen riddles that requires meditation
Zen Buddhism: An outgrowth religion of Mahayana that originated in Japan. It puts an emphasis on meditation
Modos: Stories in Zen Buddhism
Tendai: A Japanese school for Mahayana Buddhism 
Pure land Buddhism: An outgrowth religion of Mahayana. It is a popular form of Buddhism in East Asia. Buddha is not as important.